Condenser



June 30, `1925.

H. c. MALLORY CONDENSER Filed March 2 9, 192,3

o o o ooooo o o oooo oooo o o go o O Patented June 3o, 1925.

- UNITED STATES 1,543,617 PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY C. MALLORY, OF NEW YORK,\N. Y.; SUE R. MALLORY ADMINISTBATBIX OFSAID HARRY C. MALLORY, DECEASED.

CONDENSER.

Application led March 29, 1923. Serial No. 628,613.

To alljwhom it may cof/wem:

Be it known that I, HARRY C. ,MALLoRrg citizen ofthe United States, andresident of New York city, in the county of New York .5| and'State ofNew York, have invented cer'- tain new and useful Improvements in Coninthat type of engine cooling systemespecially adapted for use inautomobile and analogous internal combustion engines, 1n

. which practically all, or at least the major portion, of the heatabstracted from the engine, is normally utilized in vaporizing thecooling liquid, and is .dissipated in a condenser wherein the vapor iscondensed, the system comprising provisions for admitting air to andwithdrawing it from the cooling.

system, as required to maintain a vapor pressure 1n the system whlch 1sapproximately constant and less than that in the at-v mosphere, so thatan approximately constant and suitabl low boiling temperature in theengine coo ing space is maintained.

The general object of my present invention is to provide an improvedcondenser for the use specified, and in particular to provide acondenser construction facilitating the withdrawal of air from thecondenser with a minimum admixture of water therewith, even though thecondenser receive ap'- preciable quantities 0f water in ,liquid form' aswell as water vapor from the engme cooling space or spaces.

The varlous features of novelty which characterize my invention arepointed out with articularity in the claims anneged to and orming-a partof this-specification. For a better understanding of myinvention,vhowever, its advantages and specific objects attained withits use, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings anddescriptive matter in which I have illustrated and described preferredembodiments of my invention.

Of the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an elevation with parts broken away and in section, of anengine cooling system including one form of my improved condenser; l

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fi 3 is a partial section on the line 3-3 of Flg. 2; and

Fig. 4 is a view taken similarly to Fig. 2 illustrating a modifiedconstruction.

In Figs. 1, 2 and 3, I have illustrated the use of apreferred form of myimproved condenser in an engine cooling system coniprising a coolingliquid jacket A for the cylinders A5 of an ordinary internal combustionautomobile engine. An inlet A is provided at the bottom of the jacketcooling space for the cooling liquid which will ordi-l narily be water,or a water and alcohol mixture, and A2 'represents the outlet for vaporwhich alsol serves as an overflow outlet for the cooling fluid. Theoutlet A2 is connectedby a conduit C, which may in-` clude the usualflexible coupling C', to the .steam inlet space B of the condenser B.

From vthe bottom space B2, or hotwell, :of the condenser B, a conduit Druns `to the inlet of the circulating pump E. The latter has its outletconnected by a pipe D' to the jacket inlet A. The pump E is driven fromthe main engine shaft through the conventionally illustrated speedreducing gear F, which also drives the ordinary condenser` cooling fanG. To prevent drainage of the jacket when the pump E is not running thepipe D is in the form of a goose neck with the top of the oose neckadjacent the top ofthe jacket and isv connected to the condenser by apressure equalizing pipe connection D2 to avoid siphonage.

The condenser B,y in the preferred construction illustrated in Figs. 1,2, and 3, comprises a condensing core which may be formed out ofhorizontal tubes b having their ends expanded and soldered together toclose the ends of the intertube space, as in well known types ofradiators used in automobile engine cooling systems of the water`circulation type. The core does not entirely ll the casing of thecondenser, but, on the contrary, is spaced away from the top of thelatter to provide the condenser inlet space B', and is spaced away fromthe bottom of the casing to provide the water of condensation receivingspacev or hotwell B2, and is spaced away from the sides of the condenserto provide water and steam distrbuting channels B3 running from the endsof the inlet space B down to ther hotwell B2.

The upper portion of the condensing coreV lower end o dralnage channelfor water ofcondensatlon .a suitable exhausting means.

`portions which extend downward through the upper portion of the aircollecting chamber B4 to a point above, but adjacent the that chamber,and form a from the air cooling chamber. A large por- -tion of thelatter 1s traversed by the cooling tubes b. Air passes from the bottomof the air collectingchamber B4 into the air cooling chamber B5 througha pipe or pipes H centrally disposed between the lower portions of thepartitions b2 and shown as supported at their upper ends by arms Hsoldered or otherwise connected to the pipes H and to the partitions b2.The lower ends of' the pipes H extend through the bottom wall of atrougl1-like member I which provides a water seal preventing the passageof vapor and air from lthe chamber B4 into the cooling chamber Blsexcept through the pipes H. It will be understood that the end walls ofthe condenser. casing, where those walls are not formed by the expandedand soldered together ends of the tubes b, will ordinarily be formed bysuitably shaped pieces of sheet metal.

A pipe I connects the air cooling chamber B5 at a point adjacent-its uper end to his may be a special air pump but in the arrangementillustrated the desired air exhausting effect is obtained by connectingthe condenser ain outlet pipe I to the suction intake manifold of theengine. Thev pipe I. may well include an air valve J, 1. e. a' valvewhich opens to permit the passage of air, but closes automatically torestrict the passage of steam. The vacuum or minus pressure in thecooling system is regulated by a valve which opens automatically toadmit atmospheric air to the system as required to prevent the vacuum orminus pressure in the system from exceeding a predetermined value. Sincein the normal operation of the system the pressure in the system fixesthe boiling temperature in the jacket A, the admission of air may becontrolled by a thermostatic valve responsive to the jackettemperatureor it may be an ordinary vacuum relief valve K as shown,which opens and closes as the difference between the pressure of theatmosphere and the condenser rises above and predetermined value.

Advantageously I employ baffles b3 at iminishes to a ressure in the thebottom of the condensing core to normally maintain a water seal betweenthe lower ends of the channelsB3 and the water of condensation outletconnection D. Advantageously also I provide inclined baffles or rainplates L in the condensing core which divides the latter into sections,and each of which serves to carry water of condensation formed in thecore section'abovc it to the adjacent side channel B3, thereby avoidingthe reduction in efficiency of the core section beneath the rain platewhich would otherwise result from the films of water of condensationflowing downward from the condensing core section above the rain plate.M is a safety valve provided to limit the maximum pressure possible inthe systemA In the contemplated mode of operation of the apparatus shownin Figs. l, 2 and 3, the cooling liquid passed by the pump E into thejacket A, and not evaporated in the latter, passes with the vaporgenerated in the jacket throu h the conduit C into the inlet chamber Bothe condenser B. From the condenser inlet chamber B, the liquid andvapor pass into the channels B3, the li uid passing through the channelsto the iotwell B2, while the vapor passes from the channels into theadjacent edges of the condensing core in which substantially all of thevapor is condensed. Any air entering the condenser from theengine jacketor admitted to the condenser through the vacuum relief valve K tends tocollect in the air collecting chamber B, -from which it is drawn intothe air cooling chamber B5 through the4 ipes H. The air drawn into theair cool-` ing chamber through the pi es H is admixed with more or lessvapor ut this vapoi` is to a substantial extent eliminated by con-ldensation in theair cooling chamber, the core tubes b of which provide,in properly designed apparatus, for an ample air cooling and va orcondensing effect. The elimination o vapor by condensation in the aircooling chamber lreduces the wastage from the system to an insignificantamount, and reduces the air exhausting effect required, which may be ofspecial importance in case a se arate air exhausting pump is' employed.he water of forming in the air cooling chamber drains from the latter tothe condenser hotwell through the channel formed between the lowerportions of the bafiies b2. The effect of the rain plates L is to reducethe amount of liquid at any one time in the intertube space of thecondenser, and consequently to augment the effective condensing capacityof the latter. I

With the described arrangement the coolest portion of the condensingcore will normally be at the margin .of the air collecting chamber B4 sothat the vapor is progressivecondensation maaar? ly condensed, and theair is progressively cooled as it moves through the condensing coretoward the chamber B4. Since Water of condensation formed in the aircooling chamber B5 escapes therefrom through a channel separate fromthose through which air enters the air cooling chamber, the in- Howin-gair does not entrain and carry with it any of said Water ofcondensation. The fact that the air passes vertically upward for anappreciable distance in traveling to the air cooling chamber B5 from thecollecting chamber gives entra-ined liquid an opportunity to settle.

lt will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes may bemade in the form of the ap aratus disclosed without departing from t espirit of my invention as set forth in the appended claims. Some of themodifications which may. thus be made, are illustrated in Fig. 4, inwhich the separate air pipes H are omitted, and the channel formed bythe lower portions of the partitions b2, is open at its lower end to theair chamber B4, and this channel serves both as an uptake passage forair passing-to the air cooler, and as a drain for water of condensationforming in the air channel. Fig. 4 illustrates, moreover, a differentarrangement of rain plates L, each of which, in this' construction,passes water of condensation from the condensing core section above itto the central air chamber B4. In Fig. 4, the rain plates are morenumerous than in the construction shown in Figs. 1, 2 or 3, but witheither form illustrated, thenumber of rain plates is not essential, andmay be increased or decreased in number, and indeed these plates may beentirely dispensed with Without affecting t-he general Inode ofoperation of the apparatus. The operation of the apparatus illustratedin Fig. 4 is essentially the same as that of the apparatus illustratedin Figs. l, 2, and 3.

'Some features of the invention claimed herein may obviously be usedwith advantage in some cases without a corresponding use of other novelfeatures disclosed and those skilled in the art will understand thatmany changes may be made in the form of the apparatus without departingfrom the spirit oit' the invention-as set Jforth in the ap ended claims.

aving now described my invention, what said channels .are connected, aninlet chamber at the top of the condenser to which the upper ends ofsaid channels open, a central air connecting chamber, and an air coolingchamber'above the last mentioned chamber and communicating therewith,and means for withdrawing air from the air cooling chamber.

2. A condenser comprising a casing, and a condensing core and partitionstherein, dividing the interior of the condenserv into verticallyextending Water and steam distribution channels at the sides of thecore, a hotwell or outlet chamber at the bottom of the condenser t0which the lower ends of said channels are connected, an inlet chamber atthe top of the condenser to which the upper ends of said channels open,a central air collecting chamber, and an air cooling chamber above thelast mentioned chamber, a connection passing air from said collectingchamber to said cooling chamber, a water sealed outlet passing liquid ofcondensation from the cooling chamber' to the hotwell, and means forvwithdrawing air from the air cooling chamber.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State .of New York,this 27th day of March, A. D. 1923.

HARRY C. MALLORY.

